这个词是什么意思？
Procedures that avoid use of open, invasive surgery in favor of closed or local surgery. These generally involve use of laparoscopic devices and remote-controlled manipulation of instruments with indirect observation of the surgical field through an endoscope or similar device.
中文名称索引；定义为 MeSH 英文原文，尚未逐条译审。MESH:D019060 · MeSH 2026。
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